Month: December 2025

On Monday, the 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a district court decision that disqualified Alina Habba, President Trump’s former personal attorney, from serving as the acting U.S. attorney in New Jersey – affirming that her appointment violated the Federal Vacancies Reform Act.

In a unanimous ruling, the court concluded that Habba was unlawfully elevated to the role of acting U.S. attorney. The panel found that the administration’s multi-step strategy to keep her in the job sidestepped both statutory limits and the constitutional requirement for Senate confirmation.

The dispute traces back to March, when Trump first named Habba interim U.S. attorney — a temporary appointment capped at 120 days unless extended by the district court or confirmed by the Senate. Her nomination stalled after New Jersey’s Democratic senators opposed her confirmation. As her interim tenure neared its end, district judges voted to elevate her deputy, Desiree Leigh Grace, instead. Attorney General Pam Bondi then fired Grace and placed Habba in a series of roles — including “Special Attorney to the Attorney General” and first assistant U.S. attorney — to position her to once again become acting U.S. attorney under the Vacancies Act. The appeals court concluded the maneuver was improper and that the FVRA’s “nomination bar” also prevented Habba, as a pending nominee, from serving in an acting capacity.

In its decision, the 3rd Circuit stressed that allowing the administration’s approach would “bypass the constitutional [presidential appointment and Senate confirmation] process entirely” and effectively nullify the limits Congress established on who may serve as a U.S. attorney.  Judge Michael Fisher, writing for the three-judge panel, said “It is apparent that the current administration has been frustrated by some of the legal and political barriers to getting its appointees in place,” adding that the steps taken to install Habba ultimately violated federal law. The court rejected the Justice Department’s argument that designating Habba as a “special attorney” allowed the attorney general to delegate her the full powers of the office, noting, “This delegation theory would create a means for the Department of Justice to circumvent the FVRA’s exclusivity provision, effectively permitting anyone to fill the U.S. Attorney role indefinitely. This should raise a red flag.”

Habba’s appointment became the subject of legal challenges after three criminal defendants in New Jersey argued that she had no lawful authority to oversee their cases and sought to have their indictments dismissed. The district court declined to throw out the charges but agreed she had been improperly installed.

In a joint statement, attorneys Abbe Lowell, Gerry Krovatin, and Norm Eisen said the ruling confirms that “Habba is unlawfully and invalidly serving as the chief federal law enforcement officer in New Jersey, marking the first time an appellate court has ruled that President Trump cannot usurp longstanding statutory and constitutional processes to insert whomever he wants in these positions.” Another defense lawyer, Thomas Mirigliano, added that “the panel issued a clear and carefully reasoned decision that recognizes the extraordinary power vested in U.S. attorneys and reinforces the limits Congress has set on who may occupy those positions.”

The ruling leaves the New Jersey post vacant until a lawfully appointed and confirmed U.S. attorney is installed.

Editorial credit: Joe Tabacca / Shutterstock.com

The World Health Organization on Monday issued its first comprehensive recommendations on using GLP-1 medications to treat obesity, signaling a major shift in how the condition is addressed globally.

The guidance — published in JAMA — supports long-term use of drugs such as semaglutide, liraglutide and tirzepatide in adults when clinically appropriate, while stressing that medication must be paired with sustained lifestyle support.

More than 1 billion people around the world are currently living with obesity — a figure projected to double by the end of the decade. WHO estimates the condition contributed to 3.7 million deaths last year. The organization recently added GLP-1 drugs to its Essential Medicines List for high-risk type 2 diabetes patients but had not previously endorsed them for obesity alone.

WHO leaders emphasized that obesity is a chronic disease requiring ongoing care, not a short-term intervention. WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said that “our new guidance recognizes that obesity is a chronic disease that can be treated with comprehensive and lifelong care,” noting that “while medication alone won’t solve this global health crisis, GLP-1 therapies can help millions overcome obesity and reduce its associated harms.”

The organization issued two conditional recommendations: prolonged use of GLP-1 therapies — except during pregnancy — and a requirement that treatment be paired with intensive behavioral support, including structured eating plans, physical activity and counseling. Officials described these drugs as “more than a scientific breakthrough,” writing that “They represent a new chapter in the gradual conceptual shift in how society approaches obesity—from a ‘lifestyle condition’ to a complex, preventable, and treatable chronic disease.”

Experts say the medications can help people more easily follow dietary guidance by reducing hunger and making food feel less compelling. Dr. Louis Aronne of Weill Cornell Medicine said, “Medicines work best when they go hand in hand with changes in eating habits and daily behaviors,” adding that reduced hunger often enables patients to follow steps they previously struggled to maintain. He also stressed the need for resistance training to limit muscle loss during rapid weight reduction.

The WHO noted ongoing challenges that may limit access, including steep prices, supply shortages and wide disparities in availability. The agency urged governments to create fair distribution systems focused on those with the most urgent medical need and called for “urgent action on manufacturing, affordability, and system readiness to meet global needs.” Even with production increases, WHO estimates that GLP-1 therapies will reach fewer than 10% of eligible patients by 2030.

The new recommendations, crafted by a panel of specialists in obesity care, pharmacology and public health, follow regulatory approvals in multiple countries, including the U.S. The guidelines encourage nations to “reboot” national obesity strategies by expanding prevention programs, strengthening treatment infrastructure and improving long-term care capacity.

WHO officials emphasized that while GLP-1 drugs can be effective, “medication alone cannot solve the global obesity burden.” They called for more long-term research on safety and outcomes, alongside efforts to reduce the cost of leading treatments such as Wegovy, Zepbound, Ozempic and Mounjaro — many of which currently exceed $1,000 a month in the U.S.

Editorial credit: KK Stock / Shutterstock.com